Gahar Lake is a stunning high-altitude freshwater lake located in the Zagros Mountains of Lorestan Province, western Iran. Often called “the Jewel of Oshtorankouh,” it is a pristine and well-preserved natural attraction, primarily due to its remote location and protected status.

Geography and Hydrology:

• Location: Gahar Lake is situated within the Oshtorankouh protected zone, a part of the broader Zagros Mountain range. It lies on the border of Dorud and Aligoudarz counties.
• Formation: The lake’s formation is a result of a massive ancient landslide, likely triggered by an earthquake. The landslide created a natural dam that blocked the flow of a valley, allowing water to accumulate and form the lake. This geological process is a key feature of its identity.
• Dual Lakes: Gahar Lake is actually composed of two distinct parts:
  • Upper Gahar (or Small Gahar): This smaller lake is located upstream.
  • Lower Gahar (or Great Gahar): This is the larger and more famous of the two. It is about 1.5 km long and up to 500 meters wide. Its maximum depth is around 28 meters.
• Water Source: The lake’s water is exceptionally clear and is sourced from numerous underground springs at its bed, as well as from the melting snow of the surrounding high mountains. This consistent inflow, combined with its high elevation (around 2,300-2,400 meters), ensures a steady volume of water, even during dry seasons.
• Climate: The area has a sub-humid continental climate with significant winter precipitation, much of which falls as snow. Temperatures vary widely, and the lake’s surface can freeze over in winter, making it accessible only to well-equipped mountaineers.

Ecology and Biodiversity:

• Protected Ecosystem: The lake and its surroundings are part of the Oshtorankouh protected area, which has helped preserve its ecosystem. Due to the lack of motorable roads, human impact has been relatively limited, maintaining its pristine condition.
• Flora: The region is rich in diverse plant life. The mountain slopes are covered with dense forests of trees like oak, willow, and wild pistachio. The valley around the lake is a habitat for various flowers, including colorful anemones, tulips, and irises, especially in spring.
• Fauna: The lake provides a habitat for various fish, including farmed rainbow trout and other species. The surrounding area is home to a wide range of animals, from large mammals like leopards, bears, and wild goats to smaller ones such as foxes and rabbits. Bird species, including eagles and partridges, are also found here. The lake is also home to various aquatic insects, which are used by researchers to monitor water quality.

Tourism and Recreation:

• A Remote Gem: Gahar Lake is a popular ecotourism destination, attracting thousands of visitors annually despite its difficult access. The primary route to the lake involves a scenic and challenging trek from the towns of Dorud or Aligoudarz, often taking several hours on foot or with pack animals. This difficulty is part of its appeal, ensuring that only dedicated nature lovers and adventurers make the journey.
• Activities:
  • Hiking and Trekking: This is the most common way to experience the lake’s stunning beauty.
  • Camping: The serene environment makes it an ideal spot for camping, with designated areas available.
  • Fishing: Fishing for rainbow trout is a popular activity, although regulations and permits from the environmental authorities are required.
  • Boating: Boating is also available, providing a different perspective of the lake’s landscape.
  • Photography: The spectacular scenery, with the turquoise water reflecting the surrounding snowy peaks, makes it a paradise for photographers.
  • Wildlife Viewing: Visitors can observe the diverse flora and fauna in their natural habitat.

Conservation and Threats:

• Protected Status: As part of a protected area, the lake is subject to conservation efforts. Hunting and fishing are regulated, and visitors are encouraged to minimize their environmental impact.
• Challenges: Despite its protected status, the lake faces threats. Unregulated tourism, improper waste disposal, and potential disturbances to the fragile ecosystem are growing concerns. Studies have highlighted the need for more effective tourism management plans to balance the economic benefits of tourism with the preservation of the lake’s pristine environment.

In summary, Gahar Lake is a magnificent natural landmark in Iran, a testament to the country’s diverse and breathtaking landscapes. Its unique formation, pristine waters, and rich biodiversity make it a valuable ecological asset and a rewarding destination for those willing to undertake the journey to experience its untouched beauty.